2014年9月10日星期三

2014年9月5日星期五

财会术语表

      A
  Accelerated methods of depreciation 加速折旧法
  Accounting equation 会计等式
  Accounting period 会计期间
  Accounts payable 应付账款
  Accounts payable turnover 应付账款周转
  Accounts receivable 应收账款
  Accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转
  Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计
  Accruals 应计项目
  Accrued payables 应付款项
  Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
  Activity method 作业方法
  Activity ratios 作业比率
  Actuary 精算师,精算
  Additional paid-in capital 资本公积
  Aging schedule 账龄分析表
  Allowance method 备抵法
  Amortization 摊销
  Analytic review 分析性复核
  Annual report 年报
  Annuity 年金
  Appropriation of retained earnings 留存收益分配
  Asset 资产
  Asset depreciation range (ADR) 资产折旧范围
  Asset impairment 资产清理
  Asset retirement 资产报废
  Asset turnover 资产周转率
  Audit 审计
  Audit committee 审计委员会
  Audit opinion 审计意见
  Audit report 审计报告
  Authorized shares 授权股本,注册股份
  Available-for-sale securities 短期投资
  B
  Bad debts 坏账
  Balance sheet 资产负债表
  Bank reconciliation 银行对账单
  Basic earnings per share 基本每股盈利
  Betterment 改良
  "Big 5"五大会计师事务所
  board of directors 董事会
  bond 债券契约
  bonds payable 应付债券
  book gain/loss 账面收益/损失
  book value 账面价值
  borrowing capacity 融资能力
  business acquisition 企业兼并
  business combination 企业合并
  business segment 企业内部责任单位
  C
  Call provision 提前赎回条款
  Capital 资产
  Capital lease 资本租赁
  Capital structure 资本结构
  Capital structure leverage 资本结构杠杆
  Capitalization ratios 资本比率
  Capitalize 资本化
  Cash discount 现金折扣
  Cash equivalent 现金等价物
  Cash flow 现金流
  Cash flow accounting 现金流量法会计
  Cash flow from financing 筹资产生的现金流量
  Cash flow from investing 投资产生的现金流量
  Cash flow from operations 经营产生的现金流量
  Cash flow projection 现金项目
  Cash management 现金管理
  Certificate of deposit 存款单
  Certified public accountant 注册会计师
  Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债闭
  Clean audit opinion 无保留意见
  Collateral 抵押品, 担保品
  Collection period 商业票据
  Common earnings leverage 普通收入杠杆
  Common stock 普通股
  Common-size financial statements
  Compensating balance 抵销余额
  Conservatism 稳健
  Consignment 寄销品
  Consistency 连续性
  Consolidated financial statements 合并财务报表
  Contingency 或有事项
  Contingent liability 或有负债
  Contra account 对销账户
  Contributed capital 实缴资本
  Controlling interest 控股权益
  Convertible bonds 可转换债券
  Copyright 版权
  Corporation 公司
  Cost 成本
  Cost expiration 成本耗用
  Cost method 成本法
  Cost of capital 资金成本
  Cost of goods sold 销货成本
  Covenant 契约
  CPA certified public accountant 注册会计师
  Credit quality 信用程度
  Credit rating 信用评级
  Credit terms 信用条件
  Creditor 债权人
  Cumulative preferred stock 累积优先股
  Current assets 流动资产
  Current cost 现行成本
  Current liabilities 流动负债
  Current maturity of long-term debts 即将到期的长期负债
  Current ratio 流动比率
  D
  Debenture 债券
  Debt 债务
  Debt covenant 债务契约
  Debt investment 债权性投资
  Debt ratio 负债比率
  Debt redemptions 债务清偿
  Debt/equity ratio 负债/权益比率
  Default 违约
  Deferred cost 递延成本
  Deferred income 递延收益
  Deferred income taxes 递延所得税
  Deferred revenue 递延收入
  Defined benefit pension plan 即定收益养老金方案
  Defined contribution pension plan定供款养老金方案
  Depletion 折耗
  Depreciation 折旧
  Depreciation base 折旧系数
  Depreciation expense 折旧费用
  Diluted earnings per share 摊薄后每股盈利
  Dilution 摊薄
  Dilutive securities 摊薄证券
  Direct method 直线法
  Direct write-off method 直接注销法
  Discount on bond payable 应付债券折价
  Discount rate 贴现率,折扣率
  Divestiture 风险
  Dividend yield 股息率
  Dividends 股息
  Dividends in arrears 应付股利
  Double taxation 双重征税
  Double-declining-balance method 双倍余额递减法
  DuPont Model 杜邦体系
  E
  Earning power 盈利能力
  Earnings 盈利
  Earnings per share 每股利润
  Earning quality 收益质量
  Economic entity assumption 经济个体假定
  Economic value added 经济价值增加
  Effective interest method 实际利息法
  Effective interest rate 有效利率
  Equity 所有者权益
  Equity investment 权益投资
  Equity issuance 发行股票
  Equity method 权益法
  Equity security 股本证券
  Escrow 代管
  Exchange rate 汇率
  Expense 费用
  External financing 外部融资
  Extraordinary item 非经常项目
  F
  Face value 面值
  Fair market value 公允市价
  Financial accounting 财务会计
  Financial accounting standards 财务会计
  Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计标准委员会
  Financial condition 财务状况
  Financial flexibility 财务弹性
  Financial performance 财务业绩
  Financial ratio analysis 财务比率分析
  Financial statement analysis 财务报表分析
  Financial statements 财务报表
  Financing activities 融资活动
  First-in, first-out 先进先出法
  Fiscal period assumption 会计期假设
  Fiscal year 会计年度
  Fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转
  Fixed assets 固定资产
  FOB destination 离岸货价
  FOB shipping point 起运点交货
  Footnotes 附注
  Forward contract 期货合同
  Freight-in 运费已付
  Frequent transactions 经常性交易
  G
  Gain contingency 或有收益
  Generally accepted accounting principles一般会计原则
  Going concern 持续经营
  Goods in transit 在途商品
  Goodwill 商誉
  Government accounting 政府会计
  Gross margin 毛利,边际贡献
  Gross profit 毛利
  H
  Hedging 套期保值
  Hidden reserves 秘密准备
  Historical cost 历史成本
  Human capital 人力资源
  Human resources 人力资源
  Hurdle rate 利率下限
  Hybrid security 混合证券
  I
  Income 收益
  Income statement 损益表
  Independent auditor 独立审计
  Indirect method 间接法
  Industry 行业
  Inflation 通货膨胀
  Input market 投入市场
  Installment obligation 分期付款
  Intangible asset 无形资产
  Interest 利息
  Interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率
  Interest-bearing obligation 附息债务
  Internal control system 内部控制系统
  Internal financing 内部筹资
  Internal Revenue Code 国内税收法规
  Internal Revenue Service 国内税收总署
  Interperiod tax allocation 跨期税款分摊
  Intraperiod tax allocation 所得税期内分摊
  Inventory 存货
  Inventory turnover 存货周转
  Investing activities 投资活动
  L
  Land 土地,不动产
  Last-in, first-out 后进先出
  Lease 租赁
  Leverage 杠杆效应
  Liability 负债
  Life of a bond 年金期间
  LIFO conformity rule 后进先出法一致性规则
  LIFO liquidation 后进先出法清算
  LIFO reserve 后进先出法准备
  Line of credit 信用限额
  Liquidation 清算      Liquidity 流动性
  Listed company 上市公司
  Loan contract 贷款合同
  Loan covenant 贷款契约
  Long-lived assets 长期资产
  Long-term loan 长期负债
  Long-term debt ratio 长期债务率
  Long-term investments 长期投资
  Loss 亏损
  Loss contingency 或有损失
  Lower-of-cost-or-market rule 成本与市价孰低原则
  M
  MACRS 加速成本回收法修正系统
  Maintenance expenditure 维修费用
  Management accounting 管理会计
  Management discretion 管理决策
  Management letter 管理建议书
  Manufacturing company 制造公司
  Margin 毛利
  Mark-to-market accounting 按市场计价法会计
  Markdown 减低标价
  Market price 市场价格
  Market share 市场份额
  Market value 市价
  Market-to-book ratio 市价与账面值比率
  Marketable securities 有价证券
  Matching principle 配比原则
  Materiality 重要性
  Maturity date 到期日
  Maturity value 到期值
  Measurement theory 计量理论
  Merchandise inventory 商品盘存
  Merger 合并
  Mortgage 抵押,按揭
  Mortgage payable 应付抵押款
  Multinational corporation 跨国公司
  N
  Natural resource cost 自然资源成本
  Net assets 净资产
  Net book value 净账面价值
  Net credit sales 净赊销值
  Net earnings 净收益
  Net income 净收益
  Net of tax 税后净额
  Net operation income 净营业收入
  Net profit 净收益
  Net realizable value 可实现净值
  Net sales 销售净额
  Net worth 资本净值
  nonoperating items 营业外项目
  nonparticipating preferred stock 非参加优先股
  nonprofit entity 非盈利实体
  not-for-profit accounting 非盈利账户
  notes payable 应付票据
  notes receivable 应收票据
  O
  Obsolescence 过时,陈旧
  Off-balance-sheet financing 资产负债表外融资
  Open account 未清账户
  Operating activities 经营活动
  Operating cycle 营业周期
  Operating days 营业日
  Operating expenses 营业费用
  Operating income 营业收益
  Operating lease 经营租赁
  Operating margin 营业毛利
  Operating performance 经营业绩
  Operating revenues 营业收入
  Opinion letter 审计报告
  Ordinary stock dividend 普通股股利
  Organizational forms 组织形式
  Original cost 原始成本
  Other gains and losses 其它收益和亏损
  Other revenues and expenses 其它收益和亏损
  Output market 输出市场
  Outstanding shares 发行在外的股份
  Overhead 管理费用
  Owner\'s equity 所有者权益
  P
  Paper profits 账面利润
  Per value 面值
  Parent company 母公司
  Participating preferred stock 参与优先股
  Partnership 合伙
  Patent 专利
  Payments in advance 预付款
  Pension 养老金
  Percentage-of-credit-sales approach 赊销百分比法
  Periodic method 定期法
  Perpetual method 永续法
  Physical obsolescence 实物陈旧
  Portfolio 投资组合
  Postacquisition expenditures 收购后费用
  Postretirement costs 退休后成本
  Preemptive right 优先股权
  Premium on bonds payable应付债券溢价
  Prepaid expenses 准备成本
  Present value 现值
  Price/earnings ratio 价格/收益比      Prime interest rate 优惠利率
  Principal 本金当事人
  Prior period adjustment 前期调整数
  Private company 私人公司
  Proceeds 收入
  Production capacity 生产能力
  Production efficiency 生产效率
  Profit 利润
  Profit and loss statement 损益表
  Profitability 获利能力
  Profitability ratios 获利性比率
  Property 财产
  Property, plan, and equipment 财产,车间和设备
  Prospectus 招股说明书
  Proxy statement 委托书
  Public accounting firms 会计师事务所
  Purchase method 购买法
  Purchasing power 购买力      Q
  Qualified audit report 有保留意见的审计报告
  Quick ratio 速动比率
  R
  Rate of return 回报率
  Realized gain or loss 已实现收益或损失
  Recognized gain or loss 确认收益或损失
  Redemption 赎回
  Refinancing 再筹资
  Related party transaction 关联交易
  Replacement cost 重置成本
  Restrictive covenant 约束性规定
  Restructuring charges 重组成本
  Retail company 零售公司
  Retained earnings 留存收益
  Retirement 退休,退股
  Return on assets 资产报酬率
  Return on equity 净资产收益率
  Return on equity from financial leverage 融资杠杆净资产收益率
  Return on investment 投资回报率
  Return on sales 销售利润率
  Revaluation adjustment 重估调整
  Revenue 收入
  Revenue recognition 收入确认
  Risk 风险
  Risk premium 风险报酬
  Risk-free return 无风险回报
  S
  Sales 销售
  Sales growth 销售增长
  Sales returns 销售退回
  Salvage value 残值
  Secured note 有担保票据
  Securities and Exchange Commission 证券及期货事务监察委员会
  Security 证券
  Service company 服务公司
  Service revenue 服务收益
  SG & A 销售,一般和行政花费
  short-term liability 短期负债
  Short-term investment 短期投资
  Sole proprietorship 独资经营
  Solvency 偿债能力
  Solvency ratios 偿债比率
  Specific identification 个体辨认
  Standard audit report 标准审计报告
  Stated interest rate 票面利率
  Statement of cash flows 现金流量表
  Statement of retained earning 留存收益表
  Statement of stockholder\'s equity 股东权益表
  Stock 股票
  Stock dividend 股利
  Stock market 股票市场
  Stock opinions 股票价格
  Stock split 股份拆细
  Stock split in the form of a dividend 股票股利的股票拆分
  Stockholders 股东
  Stockholders\' equity 股东权益
  Straight-line method 直线法
  Subsidiary 子公司
  Sum-of-the-years\'-digits method 年数总和法
  Supplies inventory 物料盘存
  T
  T-account analysis T形账户分析法
  Takeover 收购
  Taking a bath 冲销
  Tax accounting 税务会计
  Tax deductible 税款抵扣
  Taxable income 应税收入
  Technical default 技术性违约
  Technical obsolescence 技术陈旧
  Term loan 定期贷款
  Times interest earned 利息保障倍数
  Trade-in 以旧换新
  Trademark or trade name 商号
  Trading securities 交易证券
  Transportation-in 在途运输
  Treasury notes 中期国库券
  Treasury stock 库存股票
  U
  Uncollectibles 坏账
  Unearned revenue 未获收入
  Uniformity 统一
  Unqualified audit report 在编审计报告
  Unrealized gain or loss 未实现收入或损失
  Unsecured notes 无担保票据
  Useful life 使用年限
  Usual transactions 普通交易
  V
  Valuation base 计价基础
  W
  Warranty 认股权证
  Window dressing 粉饰
  Working capital 营运资金,周转资金